What screening for what disease?

Verified 13 March 2026 - Public Service / Directorate of Legal and Administrative Information (Prime Minister)

Screening allows you to know if you are infected with a virus (HIV, hepatitis...) or affected by a disease (saturnism, osteoporosis).

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) test can detect the presence of the virus.

One early detection compared to the date of contamination allows to benefit quickly from an effective treatment, which improves the long-term prognosis. Treatment is therefore all the more effective if it is started early.

Situations concerned

You can get tested for HIV at any time, including:

  • You're afraid you've taken a risk
  • In a stable relationship, you want to be sure that you are not contaminated and that you can give up using condoms
  • In case of change of partner and multi-partnership
  • You are considering pregnancy or abortion
  • You use intravenous drugs or have used intravenous drugs
  • You are HIV positive for HBV (hepatitis B) or HCV (hepatitis C)
  • You have or have just had a sexually transmitted infection (STI)
  • In case of rape.

FYI  

if you have just been exposed to an HIV risk, go to a hospital emergency department as soon as possible, preferably within the first 4 hours, at the latest within 48 hours. One post-exposure treatment (TPE) can prevent contamination.

Screening is routine in the following cases:

  • Blood donation
  • Donation of semen
  • Organ donation
  • Breast milk donation
  • Blood transfusion
  • Pregnancy.

Techniques and places to get tested

Screening can be done by a blood test or a rapid biological orientation test (Trod). It is also possible to do a self-test.

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By blood test

The HIV serology currently performed in a medical biology laboratory, through a blood test, is the 4th generation Elisa test detecting:

  • Anti-HIV-1 and anti-HIV-2 antibodies
  • A virus antigen called P24.

The blood test can be done from 21e even 15e day depending on the situation at risk. It can be positive at this time.

But a negative test is totally reliable 6 weeks after a risk-taking, if it is carried out in a laboratory.

However, waiting 6 weeks to get tested means taking the risk of losing the benefit of early treatment.

So if you test negative at 21 or even 15 days, you can't say you're not infected, you have to repeat the screening at week 6.

To get tested:

  • You can contact your doctor or a doctor practicing in a private practice who prescribes a blood test to be performed in a medical laboratory, refundable à 100% by the Health Insurance
  • You can go to an anonymous testing center and free (example: a Free Information, Screening and Diagnosis Center-CEGIDD)
  • You can go to a medical testing laboratory without an appointment and without a medical prescription, i.e. without a prescription. This review is covered by the Health Insurance without advance payment of fees.
The test result is positive

The biologist, if you have performed the screening without a medical prescription, or the prescribing doctor will refer you to a specialist for treatment.

The test result is negative

You can be reassured if the last risk of exposure to the virus was 6 weeks or more.

By a rapid biological orientation test (Trod)

The rapid biological orientation test (Trod) can be carried out from the from 21e even 15e day depending on the situation at risk. It can be positive at this time.

But a negative test is totally reliable 3 months after taking a risk if the test is performed using a TROD.

However, waiting 3 months to get tested means taking the risk of losing the benefit of early treatment.

So if you test negative at 21 or even 15 days, you can't say you're not infected, you have to redo the screening.

The Trod is coated with the CE marking and applied to the blood with all its constituents, serum, plasma by means of a reagent detecting HIV infection 1 and 2.

This method makes it possible to have a result in a maximum of 30 minutes.

You can surrender free of charge in particular in one of the following establishments:

  • Associative structures involved in health prevention or reduction of risks and damage associated with the consumption of psychoactive substances
  • Addiction care, support and prevention centers (CSAPA)
  • Reception and support centers for the reduction of risks for drug users (CAARUD)
  • Therapeutic Coordination Apartments (ACT)
  • Beds halt health care
  • Nursing beds
  • Family Planning or Education Centers (FPECs)
  • Information, counseling or family counseling institutions (EICCF)
  • Free Information, Screening and Diagnosis Center (CEGIDD)
  • With an association fighting against HIV / AIDS.

A health professional can help you find a referral to one of these facilities.

People who are most at risk of transmission can be screened with Trod. These include:

  • Men who have sex with men
  • Heterosexual individuals who have had more than one sexual partner in the past 12 months
  • Populations of Guyana, Guadeloupe, Martinique
  • People who use or have used psychoactive substances by injection
  • People from an area where many cases (new or old) exist, including sub-Saharan Africa and the Caribbean
  • Persons in prostitution
  • Persons detained or formerly detained
  • Multi-Partner Transgender People
  • People whose sexual partners are infected with HIV and whose viral load is detectable.
The test result is positive

You are oriented and, if necessary, accompanied to one or more structures allowing:

  • Carrying out medical biology examinations
  • And therapeutic care.
The test result is negative

You are informed:

  • Limitations related to the interpretation of the test result
  • And the possibility of performing a medical biology examination.

By self-test

If you want to test yourself at home, you can go to a pharmacy to buy a HIV self-test of an amount between €10 and €28. It is not reimbursed by the Health Insurance.

The screening test can be performed from 21e even 15e day depending on the situation at risk. It can be positive at this time. But a negative test is totally reliable 3 months after risk-taking.

However, waiting 3 months to get tested means taking the risk of losing the benefit of early treatment.

A test can therefore be positive as early as 21 or even 15 days, but a negative test is reliable at 3 months. So if you test negative at 21 days, you can't say you're not infected, you have to redo the screening.

The self-test must be run correctly. You should read the package leaflet carefully before starting the test to limit the possibility of errors.

Aids Info Service uploads videos presentation of these self-tests.

The test result is positive

A confirmatory blood test should be performed in the laboratory to confirm the diagnosis.

The test result is negative

You can be reassured if the last risk-taking was 3 months or more.

Otherwise, you have to do a self-test, Trod or a laboratory test again.

Reminder

For any questions, you can contact Sida Info Service.

Who shall I contact

  • Information about the AIDS virus, orientation, listening. Respect for anonymity. Telephone referral, if necessary, to specialists.

    By phone

    0800 840 800

    Free call and service, from a landline or mobile phone

    7 days a week (including holidays), from 8 am to 11 pm, in metropolitan France and the overseas departments.

    From the foreigner (even from an EU country), you can dial the translated number 00 33 1 41 83 42 77 (cost of the caller's call).

    By mail

    Access to contact form

The organized screening breast cancer concerns you if you have between 50 and 74 inclusive, without symptoms and no particular risk factors for breast cancer, other than your age.

FYI  

If you have a personal or family medical history, or genetic predispositions, other methods of early detection may be proposed. Talk to a healthcare professional.

The interval between 2 examinations is 2 years.

You are personally invited by your health insurance organization to carry out the screening every 2 years.

If you have not completed the screening examination following this invitation, your health insurance organization will reactivate you.

Thus, 2 reminders are carried out within a maximum period of 12 months.

In case of non-completion of the screening, you are invited again 2 years after the sending of the invitation.

Please note

Screening mammography with an approved radiologist is now offered as part of the national screening program. This system allows you to benefit from quality and safety guarantees. It is also possible to carry out an individual screening (or an individual detection approach).

If you have a high or very high risk of breast cancer, you can benefit from specific follow-up tailored to your individual situation. The support is 100% for recommended examinations in this situation.

Carried out as part of organized screening, mammography is managed at 100% by the Health Insurance, without advance payment.

If additional examinations are proposed by your radiologist, they will be taken care of under the usual conditions of reimbursement.

The National Cancer Institute dedicates a page on organized breast cancer screening.

Organized colorectal cancer screening concerns you (men and women) every 2 years if you have between the ages of 50 and 74.

You can get the test by the method of your choice:

  • Either to remove this screening kit in a pharmacy
  • Either to remove this kit from a state-certified nurse
  • Either to order this kit directly online (by logging in via France Connect)
  • Either remove the screening kit from your doctor (examples: attending physician, gynecologist, gastroenterologist) during a consultation. The delivery by a doctor does not give rise to a specific consultation. It's done through traditional consultations.

If you remove this test from a healthcare professional, they will make sure you understand the instructions for use.

Test analysis is automatically supported at 100% by Social Security.

FYI  

If you have a high or very high risk of developing colorectal cancer, your doctor will suggest another screening method.

If you have not taken the test, you will be reactivated by your health insurance organization.

2 reminders are issued within a maximum period of 12 months (one year).

The National Cancer Institute dedicates a page on organized colorectal cancer screening.

You are concerned about organized cervical cancer screening if you have between the ages of 25 and 65 inclusive even if you are:

  • Pregnant
  • Menopause
  • Vaccinated against human papillomavirus (HPV) infections.

This screening can be carried out in particular by:

  • A gynecologist
  • A GP
  • Or a midwife.

Some medical biology analysis laboratories perform this on prescription from your doctor.

Health examination centers can do this during a health check-up.

Please note

Cervical vaginal swabs taken as part of cervical cancer screening can be done by a biologist pharmacist.

This exam (called cervical smear) is supported at 100% by health insurance.

Vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV) infections is recommended for girls and boys aged 11 to 14 with a 2-dose schedule spaced 5 to 13 months apart.

For those who would not have been vaccinated at 14 years of age, catch-up vaccination is recommended for young women and young men between 15 and 19 years of age inclusive: 3 doses are then necessary. 

This vaccine is reimbursed on medical prescription to 65%. The mutual usually intervenes to complete the reimbursement.

The vaccine may be free in some vaccination centers. As part of the national vaccination campaign for 5-year-old studentse, it's free.

The vaccine protects against many of the HPVs that cause cervical cancer. Since the spectrum is not complete, smear screening is essential from the age of 25.

The National Cancer Institute dedicates a page on organized cervical cancer screening.

Hepatitis B is a liver infection caused by the HBV virus.

HBV screening helps to identify people with hepatitis B early and to manage them and vaccinate exposed people who are not immune.

Situations in which screening is recommended

Screening is recommended if you're in theone of the following situations:

  • You live with someone who has chronic hepatitis B
  • You take risks during your sexual intercourse (multipartner) or you have had a partner with HBV infection
  • You come from a highly endemic country (Africa, Southeast Asia) where you have stayed
  • You use intravenous or intranasal drugs or have used intravenous or intranasal drugs
  • You have a risky professional activity (in direct contact with patients or with body fluids)
  • You have done a tattoo or piercing with questionable hygiene rules
  • You have a medical situation at risk (transfusions, dialysis, organ transplantation...)
  • You must receive treatment with monoclonal antibodies
  • You are or have been in prison, psychiatric institution
  • You are HIV or HCV positive (hepatitis C)
  • You have or have just had a sexually transmitted infection (STI)
  • You're pregnant.

FYI  

HBV screening is mandatory during pregnancy.

Screening Techniques

It is possible to carry out a blood test or a rapid test of biological orientation (Trod).

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By blood test

Hepatitis B testing is done using a simple blood test, on medical prescription.

It is not necessary to be fasted.

By rapid biological orientation test (Trod)

Screening can also be done using a rapid biological orientation test (Trod).

The Trod is CE marked. It is carried out on blood with all its constituents, serum, plasma by means of a reagent detecting infection.

Persons concerned

The persons affected by a Trod include:

  • Originating in areas of high and medium endemic
  • Those who use or have used psychoactive substances
  • Already infected with HIV or HCV and not under medical supervision
  • Detained or previously detained
  • In a prostitution situation
  • In a precarious situation
  • Multi-partner (at least 2 partners per year)
  • Away from care.
Test result

In case of a positive test, the person concerned is systematically referred, or even accompanied if necessary, to a professional or a body for the performance of a biological diagnosis.

In case of negative test, the person tested is informed of the need to interpret this result with caution and of the possibility of carrying out a biological diagnosis, in particular in the event of a recent risk of transmission.

Locations for screening

The location of the screening may depend on the screening technique chosen.

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Medical Analysis Laboratory

Screening can be done in a public or private medical testing laboratory.

One prescription of the doctor is necessary. However, if you are under 26 years old, you can ask, without prescription and free of charge, a screening in a medical biology laboratory.

Establishments that can perform a Trod

If they have permission to practice the Trods, you can surrender free of charge in particular in one of the following establishments:

  • Associative structures involved in health prevention or reduction of risks and damage associated with the consumption of psychoactive substances
  • Addiction care, support and prevention centers (CSAPA)
  • Reception and support centers for the reduction of risks for drug users (CAARUD)
  • Therapeutic Coordination Apartments (ACT)
  • Beds halt health care
  • Nursing beds
  • Family Planning or Education Centers (FPECs)
  • Information, counseling or family counseling institutions (EICCF).

A health professional can help you find a referral to one of these facilities.

Other places

Screening can also be done anonymously and free of charge in an anonymous and free screening center (CDAG).

It can also be done in a center for information, screening and diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections (Ciddist) of which hepatitis B is part.

The list of SFADs is not circulated. You can consult at an AIDS screening center.

Please note

For any questions, you can contact Hepatitis info service.

Who shall I contact

  • Anonymous information, welcome and guidance on hepatitis. The service can refer to specialized legal or medical training providers for support and follow-up. 

    By phone

    From France: 0,800,845,800 (free call and service, from a landline or mobile phone. This call is anonymous and confidential)

    From 8am to 11pm, 7 days a week

    From the foreigner: 00 33 1 41 83 42 78 (cost of the caller's call)

    By mail

    Access to contact form

    A reply will be sent to the email address provided within 48 hours.

    By individual livechat

    By logging in to the opening hours: 9am to 11pm

    https://www.hepatites-info-service.org/

Screening for chronic hepatitis C is established through blood test. It is recommended for some people. In case of positivity, medical follow-up and prevention of transmission HCV virus are indispensable. A Rapid Diagnostic Orientation Test or Hepatitis C TROD is available for immediate screening.

People affected by screening

You should be tested for hepatitis C if before 1992 you were in one of the following situations:

  • You have undergone major surgery (cardiac, vascular, cerebral, digestive, pulmonary, gyneco-obstetric, spinal, hip or knee prosthesis...)
  • You had a stay in intensive care
  • You had a difficult birth
  • You had a gastrointestinal hemorrhage
  • You have had care at birth, in neonatology or pediatrics (very premature, severe neonatal pathology, exsanguino-transfusion)
  • You have had a tissue, cell or organ transplant
  • You had a blood transfusion.

You should also be tested for HCV if you have any of the following:

  • You are hemodialyzed
  • You have used, even once in your life and even if a long time ago, an intravenous or pernasal drug (with the use of a straw)
  • You are a child born to an HCV carrier mother
  • You are a sexual partner of people with hepatitis C
  • You're a man who had sex with men
  • You are a member of the family of a person with hepatitis C
  • You are incarcerated or have been incarcerated (due to sharing sharp objects, addictive practices)
  • You have or have had a tattoo, piercing, mesotherapy or acupuncture, without the use of single-use or personal equipment
  • You have received care or have spent several years in countries with a high prevalence of HCV (Southeast Asia, Middle East, Africa, South America)
  • Your blood levels of alanine transferase (ALT) are abnormally high and have no known cause
  • You are HIV or HBV positive (hepatitis B)
  • You are a healthcare professional and have had accidental exposure to blood.

Techniques for getting tested

It is possible to take a blood test or a rapid biological orientation test (Trod).

By blood test
Establishments

Screening is possible in all medical analysis laboratories, public or private on medical prescription.

Screening can also be done free of charge in a CeGIDD: Free Information, Screening and Diagnosis Center for Human Immunodeficiency Viruses (HIV), Hepatitis and Sexually Transmitted Infections.

Who shall I contact

  • Anonymous information, welcome and guidance on hepatitis. The service can refer to specialized legal or medical training providers for support and follow-up. 

    By phone

    From France: 0,800,845,800 (free call and service, from a landline or mobile phone. This call is anonymous and confidential)

    From 8am to 11pm, 7 days a week

    From the foreigner: 00 33 1 41 83 42 78 (cost of the caller's call)

    By mail

    Access to contact form

    A reply will be sent to the email address provided within 48 hours.

    By individual livechat

    By logging in to the opening hours: 9am to 11pm

    https://www.hepatites-info-service.org/

In case of a positive test

A positive test means that the person has been in contact with HCV. It does not tell whether or not the virus has been eliminated from the body.

If the result is positive, a serology check by a new test is requested and, if the new test is positive, a search for HCV RNA is necessary.

If the 2 tests are positive, this means that the virus is still present in the body.

By a rapid biological orientation test (Trod)
Establishments

If they have permission to practice the Trods, you can surrender free of charge in particular in one of the following establishments:

  • Associative structures involved in health prevention or reduction of risks and damage associated with the consumption of psychoactive substances
  • Addiction care, support and prevention centers (CSAPA)
  • Reception and support centers for the reduction of risks for drug users (CAARUD)
  • Therapeutic Coordination Apartments (ACT)
  • Beds halt health care
  • Nursing beds
  • Family Planning or Education Centers (FPECs)
  • Information, counseling or family counseling institutions (EICCF).

Please note

A health professional can help you find a referral to one of these facilities.

Priority audience 

The people who can benefit from the Trod as a matter of priority include:

  • People who use or have used psychoactive substances
  • People from an area of high prevalence
  • Persons detained or formerly detained
  • People living with HIV
  • People with at least one other risk factor (history of transfusion, precarious situation, traumatic sexual practices, tattooing or piercing...).
Test result

If the test is negative: the person tested is informed of the need to interpret this result with caution and of the possibility of carrying out a biological diagnosis, particularly in the event of a recent risk of transmission of the virus.

If the tis positive: the person concerned is systematically referred, or accompanied if necessary, to a doctor, a health establishment or a health service for the purpose of carrying out a biological diagnosis by a medical biology laboratory.

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are caused by bacteria, viruses and parasites and are transmitted sexually.

Formerly known as sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), there are more than 30. The most common are:

  • Gonococcal gonorrhea
  • Chlamydia (chronic inflammation of the genital tract)
  • Hepatitis B (HBV virus)
  • Genital herpes
  • Genital warts (genital warts)
  • Syphilis
  • AIDS (HIV) ...

STIs are very easily transmitted and there are not always visible signs.

Testing can tell you if you are infected or not. As soon as the diagnosis is made, measures to prevent transmission are essential. Early treatment is instituted when possible.

People affected by screening

Anyone can get tested.

STI screening is mandatory during pregnancy.

Techniques and places to get tested

Your general practitioner or gynecologist can advise you and prescribe an STI test.

Depending on STIs, different types of tests can be used for screening and diagnosis:

  • Clinical examination of the genitals
  • Local sampling or crops
  • Blood test.

STI screening is possible in different locations:

  • Public or private laboratories
  • Free information, screening and diagnosis centers (CEGIDD).

CeGIDD groups together anonymous and free screening centers (CDAG) and STI information, screening and diagnosis centers (CIDDIST).

Please note

If you are under 26 years old, screening, carried out at your request in a medical biology laboratory, is free and without prescription for infections caused by:

  • Neisseria gonorrhoeae
  • Chlamydia trachomatis.

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection (STI). Without early treatment, this disease becomes chronic and the risk of transmission increases. She's very contagious.

Screening can be done by blood test or by a rapid biological orientation test (Trod).

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By blood test

A blood test can be done:

  • In a public or private laboratory
  • In a free information, screening and diagnosis center (CEGIDD)
  • In a sexual health center (formerly a family planning and education center)
  • Within a health care access center for people in precarious situations (PASS).

Please note

If you are under 26, the screening, carried out at your request in the laboratory of medical biology, is free and without prescription.

By a rapid biological orientation test (Trod)

You can surrender free of charge in particular in one of the following establishments:

  • Associative structures involved in health prevention or reduction of risks and damage associated with the consumption of psychoactive substances
  • Addiction care, support and prevention centers (CSAPA)
  • Reception and support centers for the reduction of risks for drug users (CAARUD)
  • Therapeutic Coordination Apartments (ACT)
  • Beds halt health care
  • Nursing beds
  • Family Planning or Education Centers (FPECs)
  • Information, counseling or family counseling institutions (EICCF).
The test result is positive

You are oriented and, if necessary, accompanied to one or more structures allowing:

  • Carrying out medical biology examinations
  • And therapeutic care.
The test result is negative

You are informed:

  • Limitations related to the interpretation of the test result
  • And the possibility of performing a medical biology examination.

Lead poisoning is lead poisoning.

Lead is present in homes built before 1949. The paints used at the time contain lead. Moisture promotes the degradation of these paints and the spread of lead.

Lead has toxic effects on the body, even at low doses, especially in the nervous system, bone marrow and kidneys.

The presence of lead in the body is measured by the level of lead in the blood (lead).

FYI  

Saturnism is one of the diseases to be reported to the Regional Health Agency (ARS) by doctors.

People affected by screening

The pregnant women and children are particularly affected by lead poisoning.

Lead is breathed, swallowed or transmitted through the placenta in a pregnant woman.

Lead enters the body through the respiratory and digestive tract and has harmful effects especially in children. It can cause reversible disorders (anemia, digestive disorders), but also irreversible (mental and/or psychomotor retardation) when the nervous system is affected.

Screening Technique

If you have risk factors for lead exposure, do not hesitate to talk to your doctor, he will offer you a screening by determination of the blood lead.

Support

Screening is managed at 100% by social security for children (from 0 to 18 years) and pregnant women.

Osteoporosis is a diffuse disease of the skeleton characterized by a decrease in bone density and alterations in bone microarchitecture.

Technique and places to get tested

Osteodensitometry is the test that measures bone mineral density. This measurement is carried out on two parts of the body: the spine and the neck of the femur.

The bone is exposed to a very small amount of X-rays, the denser it is, the more X-rays it absorbs.

This examination shall be carried out in a radiology practice.

Support

It is covered by the Health Insurance on prescription (prescription) and for patients at risk. It is reimbursed to 70% on the basis of a tariff fixed at €39.96.

Menopausal woman

Osteodensitometry is managed at 70% (on the basis of a tariff fixed at €39.96), on the prescription of a doctor.

For a 1er examination in postmenopausal women with risk factors, such as:

  • History of non-traumatic femoral neck fracture in a relative of 1er degree
  • Body mass index less than 19 kg/m2
  • Early menopause (before age 40)
  • History of corticosteroid therapy of more than 3 consecutive months.

For a 2e examination, in the following cases:

  • When stopping anti-osteoporotic treatment, apart from early discontinuation for adverse effect, in postmenopausal women
  • 3 to 5 years after the 1re bone densitometry based on the appearance of new risk factors. When treatment has not been started after the 1re bone densitometry showing a normal value or osteopenia (decreased bone density, intermediate stage before osteoporosis).

FYI  

if you are on hormone replacement therapy (HRT), this treatment already prevents osteoporosis.

Woman at risk

Osteodensitometry is managed at 70% (on the basis of a tariff fixed at €39.96), on medical prescription, for people with the medical risk factors for osteoporosis, such as:

  • Cases of pathology or treatment that may induce osteoporosis (for example, untreated active hyperthyroidism or corticosteroid therapy for more than 3 months)
  • History of fracture without major trauma diagnosed on x-ray.

Neonatal screening (48 hours) research diseases in children and also aims to screening for deafness permanent.

Please note

To date, 16 diseases are being screened for in the newborn screening program.

The diseases sought are rare, but they can be serious if not managed as early as 1ers days of life of the child.

Example :

Screening for phenylketonuria at birth, through a specific diet and follow-up, prevents the occurrence of a disability.

This neonatal screening is open free of charge for all newborns.

After information on this screening, the parents' consent is requested before taking a few drops of blood from the foot or hand of the newborn.

FYI  

Medical biology tests for the newborn screening program are done on a blood sample taken 48 hours after birth. Otherwise, the blood sample is taken between 48 hours and 72 hours after birth and, if not possible, beyond 72 hours after birth.

The results are only communicated to the parents in case of problems.

Who can help me?

Find who can answer your questions in your region

  • Telephone line created by a collective of user associations to provide legal or social information related to health

    By phone

    01 53 62 40 30

    Price of a normal communication

    Open Service:

    • Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays from 2pm to 6pm
    • Tuesdays and Thursdays from 2pm to 8pm.

    By email

    https://www.france-assos-sante.org/sante-info-droits/

    The maximum response time by email is 15 days.

  • Information about the AIDS virus, orientation, listening. Respect for anonymity. Telephone referral, if necessary, to specialists.

    By phone

    0800 840 800

    Free call and service, from a landline or mobile phone

    7 days a week (including holidays), from 8 am to 11 pm, in metropolitan France and the overseas departments.

    From the foreigner (even from an EU country), you can dial the translated number 00 33 1 41 83 42 77 (cost of the caller's call).

    By mail

    Access to contact form